Sperm cells which contain the genetic material, DNA. This genetic material may become damaged, resulting in what is known as DNA fragmentation. DNA fragmentation determines the proportion of sperm exhibiting DNA fragmentation. Sperm cells can be harmed by various lifestyle and external factors. Smoking, exposure to scrotal heat, varicocele (enlarged veins around the testicles), along with chronic infections, poor diet, stress, alcohol consumption, and advancing age can all impact sperm quality. High levels of DNA fragmentation are believed to contribute to many cases of failed IVF cycles, unexplained infertility, recurrent miscarriages etc. Testing for DFI is recommended to assess the integrity of the sperm.